English to French Social Sciences Economics

Contexte : les conséquences de l'immigration pour le pays d'accueil

Whether positive or negative, the net fiscal impacts of immigration are not large and should not be a key factor in designing policy. Some governments impose additional fees on migrants, based on the principle that individuals receiving a benefit over and above the services enjoyed by the local taxpayer should contribute more. In 1995, Canada introduced a Right of Permanent Residence Fee to be paid before a visa can be issued.

Je ne suis pas sûre de comprendre "over and above".
Merci d'avance