Jan 10, 2019 11:15
5 yrs ago
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English term

crossline/inline offset

English to French Tech/Engineering Petroleum Eng/Sci seismic acquisition
In a table with seismic acquisition parameters:

- offset: 3000m
(minimum-maximum crossline offset)
No inline offset limitation

Proposed translations

19 hrs
Selected

décalage transversal/intérieur

-
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4 KudoZ points awarded for this answer. Comment: "Merci bcp"
6 hrs

diamètre differences for trames de fils croisés

"offset 3,000 m" should be a distance between 2 points
"minimum-maximum crossline offset" describe obviously the difference between the minimum diameter and the maximum diameter of seismic sources placed in the field of exploration.

I add some English and French Wikipedia-references for illustrating the method (unfortunately the terms "crossline" and "inline" are not used.)

Reflection seismology (or seismic reflection) is a method of exploration geophysics that uses the principles of seismology to estimate the properties of the Earth's subsurface from reflected seismic waves. The method requires a controlled seismic source of energy, such as dynamite or Tovex blast, a specialized air gun or a seismic vibrator, commonly known by the trademark name Vibroseis. Reflection seismology is similar to sonar and echolocation. This article is about surface seismic surveys; for vertical seismic profiles, see VSP.
:
Reflection seismology is used extensively in a number of fields and its applications can be categorised into three groups,[14] each defined by their depth of investigation:
• Near-surface applications – an application that aims to understand geology at depths of up to approximately 1 km, typically used for engineering and environmental surveys, as well as coal[15] and mineral exploration.[16] A more recently developed application for seismic reflection is for geothermal energy surveys,[17] although the depth of investigation can be up to 2 km deep in this case.[18]
• Hydrocarbon exploration – used by the hydrocarbon industry to provide a high resolution map of acoustic impedance contrasts at depths of up to 10 km within the subsurface. This can be combined with seismic attribute analysis and other exploration geophysics tools and used to help geologists build a geological model of the area of interest.
• Crustal studies – investigation into the structure and origin of the Earth's crust, through to the Moho discontinuity and beyond, at depths of up to 100 km.
A method similar to reflection seismology which uses electromagnetic instead of elastic waves, and has a smaller depth of penetration, is known as Ground-penetrating radar or GPR.
:
Land seismic surveys tend to be large entities, requiring hundreds of tons of equipment and employing anywhere from a few hundred to a few thousand people, deployed over vast areas for many months.[20] There are a number of options available for a controlled seismic source in a land survey and particularly common choices are Vibroseis and dynamite. Vibroseis is a non-impulsive source that is cheap and efficient but requires flat ground to operate on, making its use more difficult in undeveloped areas. The method comprises one or more heavy, all-terrain vehicles lowering a steel plate onto the ground, which is then vibrated with a specific frequency distribution and amplitude.[21] It produces a low energy density, allowing it to be used in cities and other built-up areas where dynamite would cause significant damage, though the large weight attached to a Vibroseis truck can cause its own environmental damage.[22] Dynamite is an impulsive source that is regarded as the ideal geophysical source due to it producing an almost perfect impulse function but it has obvious environmental drawbacks. For a long time, it was the only seismic source available until weight dropping was introduced around 1954,[23] allowing geophysicists to make a trade-off between image quality and environmental damage. Compared to Vibroseis, dynamite is also operationally inefficient because each source point needs to be drilled and the dynamite placed in the hole.

A land seismic survey requires substantial logistical support. In addition to the day-to-day seismic operation itself, there must also be support for the main camp (for catering, waste management and laundry etc.), smaller camps (for example where the distance is too far to drive back to the main camp with vibrator trucks), vehicle and equipment maintenance, medical personnel and security.

Unlike in marine seismic surveys, land geometries are not limited to narrow paths of acquisition, meaning that a wide range of offsets and azimuths is usually acquired and the largest challenge is increasing the rate of acquisition. The rate of production is obviously controlled by how fast the source (Vibroseis in this case) can be fired and then move on to the next source location. Attempts have been made to use multiple seismic sources at the same time in order to increase survey efficiency and a successful example of this technique is Independent Simultaneous Sweeping (ISS).[
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reflection_seismology
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reflection_seismology

La prospection sismique est une méthode de prospection géophysique qui permet de visualiser les structures géologiques en profondeur grâce à l'analyse des échos d'ondes sismiques. Il ne faut pas la confondre avec la sismologie, qui est l'étude des ondes sismiques et des séismes pour eux-mêmes.
Les ondes sismiques étudiées peuvent avoir des causes naturelles (séisme) ou artificielles (camion vibreur, explosif, canon à air, etc.) Dans tous les cas, elles suivent les mêmes lois de propagation que les ondes lumineuses. Les trois grandes techniques de prospection sismique sont :
• la diagraphie acoustique ;
• la sismique par réflexion ;
• la sismique par réfraction.
:
La sismique par réflexion étudie la réflexion d'ondes sismiques aux interfaces entre plusieurs couches géologiques. Elle permet d'avoir une image 2D ou 3D de surfaces typiquement de l'ordre de 1 000 km2 pour des profondeurs inférieures à 10 km qui permet ensuite aux géologues des compagnies pétrolières d'estimer les probabilités de trouver du pétrole. Une étude sismique se décompose en 3 grandes étapes :
• Acquisition des données sismiques ;
• Traitement des données ;
• Interprétation.
De grandes entreprises à couverture mondiale (CGG, PGS, Western-Geco...) et des entreprises plus localisées géographiquement réalisent sur le terrain l'acquisition des données. La durée d'une mission varie généralement entre 6 mois et 2 ans mais dépend de la surface à étudier, du type de terrain et de la précision recherchée.
On utilise des canons à air comprimé en mer, des camions vibreurs ou de la dynamite à terre pour créer une onde qui va se propager sous terre. L'onde créée est soit une impulsion (dynamite, airgun), soit une sinusoïde dont la fréquence varie sur un spectre défini pendant un temps t (camion vibreur utilisé partout où le terrain le permet). Dans ce dernier cas, la corrélation du signal enregistré en sortie de vibreur avec le signal pilote envoyé en entrée du vibreur donne une "wavelet" proche de l'impulsion désirée. Une étape supplémentaire de traitement permet donc d'obtenir une image aussi nette qu'en utilisant des airguns ou de la dynamite. Les ondes émises se propagent suivant les lois de réflexion et réfraction de Snell-Descartes et sont en partie réfléchies à chaque changement de vitesse de propagation (couche géologique). Elles sont reçues par des capteurs (hydrophones en mer ou géophones sur terre). L'étude sismique peut être monotrace ou multitraces. Dans ce dernier cas, en plus d'augmenter le rapport signal sur bruit, il est possible de calculer les vitesses des milieux traversés. Cette information permet ensuite de convertir les données en profondeur.
https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prospection_sismique

Term crossline screen
Term reference: Technical dictionary-Terms used in Surveying and Mapping in Germany, Frankfurt, 1971, Vol.9, Photography
Reliability: 3

fr
Term trame de fils croisés
Term reference: Dictionnaire technique-Termes appartenant à l'ensemble des travaux géodésiques, topographiques et cartographiques en Allemagne, Frankfurt,1971, Vol.9, Photographie
Reliability: 3
https://iate.europa.eu/entry/result/1249664/en-fr-la-mul

Not very satisfying, hence low CL.

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Note added at 6 hrs (2019-01-10 17:45:56 GMT)
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Correction: différences en diamètres des trames de fils croisés.
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+1
22 hrs

décalage dans la direction perpendiculaire à l'acquisition / dans la direction de l'acquisition

cf. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00936989/document
p. 23
"communément appelées inline dans la direction de l’acquisition et crossline dans la direction perpendiculaire"
Peer comment(s):

agree Kim Metzger
16 days
Merci !
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