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Bonding provision
incremental recoveries
Jan 24, 2019 13:40
5 yrs ago
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English term

long-arm statutes

English to French Law/Patents Law (general) Droit
An inquiry into current personal jurisdiction case law results in a fairly standardized procedure for establishing a forum within the U.S. in contract disputes. Forum selection clauses, while occasionally held to be unconscionable, have proven useful in a variety of industries. Additionally, modern tests determining whether sufficient “minimum contacts” exist with a particular state have invariably been upheld as authoritative. While the involvement of corporations as parties to a suit instead of individuals leaves an arbiter with a slightly more varied array of outcomes, forum selection may eventually be settled using “traditional notions of
fair play and substantial justice.” Most importantly, states have adopted long-arm statutes, allowing courts to acquire jurisdiction over anyone who conducts business within that state. Federal procedures for assessing personal jurisdiction also rely heavily upon these state statutes.
Proposed translations (French)
4 lois d'extension de compétence (juridictionnelle)
4 -1 règles de compétence
5 -2 Loi du for
References
Extraterritorialité du droit des É.-U.

Discussion

Eliza Hall Jan 29, 2019:
@ Daryo not a fudge I wouldn't call it a fudge to translate long-arm statutes by règles de compétence because a long-arm statute is a type of règle de compétence. It's a rule about when the courts of state X are competent to hear a lawsuit against a defendant residing in state Y. Long-arm statutes are not a "related concept" but a subset of or type of the larger, more general concept.

And again, I'm not saying "règles de compétence" is how we should all translate "long-arm statutes" all the time. It just happens to work in OP's text because it's immediately followed by an explanation of what a long-arm statute is.

Michèle, your translation (the one you just posted in your last Jan. 28 comment) is absolutely correct. That's exactly what the term means. If we were looking for an all-purpose translation of "long-arm statutes" as used in texts that don't explain what a long-arm statute is, then your translation would be ideal... because it's an explanatory translation.

In the context of the OP's text, though, there's already an explanation built in. So I'm sticking with règles de compétence, just in this particular case.
Daryo Jan 28, 2019:
a bit long but it's exactly that. Ideally it should be possible to find something shorter.
Michèle Voyer Jan 28, 2019:
In that case, and you are right, I apologize for my erroneous proposal, the correct translation should be: "Les lois qui permettent à un Etat d'exercer sa compétence sur un non-résident "

See: at page 177
https://www.unidroit.org/french/principles/contracts/princip...

En vertu des règles pertinentes de conflit de lois, les exigences d’autorisation publique du droit d’autres pays liées au contrat peuvent également jouer un rôle (voir l’article 7(2) de la Convention de Rome de 1980 sur la loi applicable aux obligations contractuelles; l’article 11(2) de la Convention interaméricaine de 1994 sur la loi applicable aux contrats internationaux). Les lois qui permettent à un Etat d’exercer sa compétence sur un non-résident (“long-arm statutes”)dans certains pays peuvent également imposer des conditions
Art. 6.1.14 Principes d’UNIDROIT178 d’autorisation publique aux concessionnaires de licences ou aux filiales de sociétés situées à l’étranger. Cet article établit que ces conditions prévues par la loi applicable doivent être respectée
Daryo Jan 26, 2019:
In other words it's a fudge - you simply avoid translating the concept of "long-arm statute" by using instead a related concept that would also cover "short-arm/whatever-arm statute" ...

Surely one way of cracking a hard but - simply avoid having to do it.
Eliza Hall Jan 25, 2019:
About "règles de compétence" Les règles de compétence are the rules that tell you which court is the proper court to hear a given case. That's what state long-arm statutes do: they tell you whether a court of State X is the proper court in which to bring a case against a person or company domiciled in State Y. They literally list the circumstances under which it is proper to sue a State Y domiciliary in State X's courts.

Here's a link to New York's long-arm statute (s. 302, the second one). It lists the actions, by people or companies not domiciled in New York, that you can properly sue for in a New York court: http://www.kentlaw.edu/perritt/courses/civpro/ny-longarm.htm...

I wouldn't use "règles de compétence" by itself with no context as a translation for long-arm statutes, but in the original text that Adamhans posted, it could work because the explanation of what it means is there too: "states have adopted long-arm statutes, allowing courts to acquire jurisdiction over anyone who conducts business within that state." Assuming a competent translation of the second part of that sentence, "règles de compétence" works fine here.
Eliza Hall Jan 25, 2019:
Not "lois de portée extra-territoriale" State long-arm statutes do not have any extra-territorial scope (portée) or application.

A law with extraterritorial scope is a law of jurisdiction X that you can break even if you do part or all of the forbidden act in jurisdiction Y. For instance, US federal law (jurisdiction X) prohibits US citizens from traveling to other countries (jurisdiction Y) and raping children there: (https://www.justice.gov/criminal-ceos/citizens-guide-us-fede...

Most laws don't have any extraterritorial scope. For instance, if there is a US patent on a certain type of (let's say) car engine component, that means you can't make or sell that component in the US unless you get a license from the patent owner. But you can make and sell that component in Canada, Ireland, China, etc. no problem. US patent law does not apply extraterritorially.

That's not at all what state long-arm statutes are about. State X's long-arm statute doesn't make it illegal to do something in State Y. They just make it possible to sue someone who lives in State Y for something that they did in State X, or harm they caused to someone in State X.

Proposed translations

-1
1 hr

règles de compétence

règles de compétence (long-arm statutes)

https://www.persee.fr/doc/rfea_0397-7870_1988_num_35_1_1297

aussi "Juridiction extra-territoriale"

https://fra.proz.com/kudoz/english-to-french/law-patents/487...
Peer comment(s):
agree Eliza Hall : That works, in context with the rest of the text.
1 hr
Thanks :) Eliza
disagree Michèle Voyer : Règles de compétence se traduit par "conflict of jurisdiction rules". Il ne s'agit nullement de cela ici.
3 hrs
disagree Daryo : can't see how you could equate these two terms, in whichever context.
5 hrs
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-2
2 days 21 hrs

Loi du for

You can find the legal definition in the document referenced below. Long-arm / Loi du for also named Lex fori. This is a legal term used in the conflict of laws to refer to the laws of the jurisdiction in which a legal action is brought. When a court decides that it should, by reason of the principles of conflict of law, resolve a given legal dispute by reference to the laws of another jurisdiction, the lex causae, the lex fori still govern procedural matters.
Reference:

https://www.hoganlovells.com/~/media/hogan-lovells/pdf/publication/106-45_pdf.pdf

Peer comment(s):
disagree Michèle Voyer : this is wrong, loi du for corresponds to law of the forum in English
19 hrs
disagree Eliza Hall : Michele is right. Choice of law/conflict of laws is a completely different concept than personal jurisdiction. See discussion.
1 day 20 hrs
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13 days

lois d'extension de compétence (juridictionnelle)

A noter: En France, les cas d'extension de compétence de juridiction sont également prévus par la loi.
Reference:

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Long-arm_jurisdiction

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Reference comments

19 hrs
Reference:

Extraterritorialité du droit des É.-U.

Pas nécessairement une référence en tant que telle, mais je n'ai pas accès à la discussion.

Long term statute
« Loi attribuant compétence aux tribunaux d'un état lorsque certains actes ou leurs effets, se sont produits dans cet état, alors même que le domicile du demandeur se situe dans un autre lieu. »
Dahl's Law Dictionary

« En droit international, le principe de souveraineté se traduit classiquement par la compétence exclusive des [É]tats sur leur territoire national. Cela ne signifie pas pour autant que tout exercice extraterritorial de la compétence étatique est prohibé ; l’extraterritorialité est cependant l’exception, quand la compétence territoriale est la règle. »
https://docassas.u-paris2.fr/nuxeo/site/esupversions/229b7f5...

Le fait qu'elle soit l'exception (admettons…) ne signifie pas qu'elle n'existe pas, d'autant que :
«...le rapport de la mission d’information sur l’extraterritorialité du droit américain.... Un rapport dont la lecture "fait froid dans le dos"...
Voté en 2010, le Foreign Account Tax Compliance Act (Fatca) donne au fisc [des É.-U.] des pouvoirs extraterritoriaux. »
https://www.monde-diplomatique.fr/2017/01/QUATREPOINT/56965


Il s'agit de ce rapport : « Rapport d’information déposé par la commission des affaires étrangères et la commission des finances en conclusion des travaux d’une mission d’information constituée le 3 février 2016 sur l’extraterritorialité de la législation américaine », Assemblée nationale, Paris, 5 octobre 2016.

D'où l'expression « loi d'application extraterritoriale ».
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