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Source text - Russian На основе оценок раскрытия информации, представленной в каждом информационном источнике, рассчитывается интегрированный показатель по отдельным критериям. Показатель учитывает как уровень раскрытия информации, так и широту ее представления в различных источниках. При этом источнику, в котором содержится наиболее полное раскрытие, присваивается наибольший вес (XX%). Методология учитывает также, на каком языке раскрывается информация (только на XXX/русском или еще и на английском), поскольку речь идет о возможном интересе к XXX банкам со стороны международных инвесторов.
На основе показателей по отдельным критериям рассчитывается агрегированный показатель информационной прозрачности банка (общий балл) в виде процентного соотношения раскрытых вопросов к максимально возможному (оптимальному) уровню. При расчете агрегированного показателя критериям присваивается различные веса, отражающие их относительную важность для инвесторов, кредиторов и других заинтересованных лиц. Аналогичным образом рассчитываются агрегированные показатели по отдельным блокам и компонентам раскрытия.
Translation - English On the basis of assessments of the disclosure of the information presented in each information source, an integrated score is calculated according to particular criteria. The score takes both the level of information disclosure and the breadth with which it is presented in the various sources into account. In the process, the source which contains the most complete disclosure is assigned the greatest weight (XX%). The methodology also takes the language in which the information is disclosed (only in Russian/XXX or in English as well) into account, since possible interest in XXX banks on the part of international investors is an issue.
On the basis of scores according to particular criteria, a total score of the information transparency of a bank is calculated (overall score) in the form of a percentage ratio of the issues disclosed to the maximal level possible (optimal). In calculating the total score, different weights, reflecting their relative importance to investors, lenders, and other interested parties, are assigned. Similarly, total scores are calculated for the individual blocks and components of disclosure.
Russian to English: Tuberculosis
Source text - Russian Курс химиотерапии состоит из двух фаз с разными задачами.
Фаза интенсивной терапии направлена на ликвидацию клинических проявлений заболевания, максимальное воздействие на популяцию микобактерий туберкулеза с целью прекращения бактериовыделения и предотвращения развития лекарственной устойчивости, уменьшение инфильтративных и деструктивных изменений в органах. Фаза интенсивной терапии может быть составляющей частью подготовки к хирургической операции.
Фаза продолжения терапии направлена на подавление сохраняющейся микобактериальной популяции. Она обеспечивает дальнейшее уменьшение воспалительных изменений и инволюцию туберкулезного процесса, а также восстановление функциональных возможностей больного.
Translation - English A course of chemotherapy consists of two phases, with different objectives.
The intensive therapy phase aims to eliminate the clinical manifestations of the disease, to have a maximal impact on the tuberculosis mycobacteria population, to arrest bacterial excretion and prevent the development of drug resistance, and to reduce infiltrative and destructive changes in organs. The intensive therapy phase may be a component of preparation for surgery.
The treatment continuation phase aims to suppress the persistent mycobacterial population. It permits continued reduction of inflammatory changes and involution of the tuberculous process, as well as restoration of the functional capabilities of the patient.
Spanish to English: Observational study
Source text - Spanish DISEÑO OBSERVACIONAL
Se pueden considerar dos tipos de estudios: los experimentales e intervencionistas y los observacionales y no intervencionistas. En los estudios experimentales, también denominados ensayos clínicos, se controlan las condiciones en las que se llevan a cabo y el método de asignación de los sujetos a los grupos de tratamiento o de comparación. La aleatorización es el procedimiento más utilizado en los estudios intervencionistas para asignar a los pacientes a los grupos de tratamiento. Mejora la comparabilidad del estudio y de los grupos de control al reducir el sesgo de asignación y la confusión debida a variables conocidas y desconocidas. Por consiguiente, la aleatorización aumenta la validez interna y proporciona una base para inferir que el tratamiento produjo realmente el resultado observado. Se considera clásicamente a los ensayos clínicos controlados el método de referencia para evaluar los efectos beneficiosos de un tratamiento, pero se llevan a cabo en condiciones que rara vez se dan en el marco asistencial habitual en el que se dispensa la mayor parte de la atención médica. Por consiguiente, puede que los resultados de estos estudios sean poco aplicables al ámbito de la atención médica habitual (validez externa reducida).
Translation - English OBSERVATIONAL DESIGN
Two types of studies may be considered: experimental and intervention, and observational and nonintervention. In experimental studies, also called clinical trials, the conditions in which they are conducted and the method of assignment of subjects to the treatment and comparison groups are controled. Randomization is the procedure most employed in intervention studies to assign patients to the treatment groups. The comparability of the study and of the control groups improves when assignment bias and confounding due to known and unknown variables are reduced. Consequently, randomization increases internal validity and provides a basis for inferring that the treatment actually produced the result observed. Controled clinical trials are classically regarded as the standard method for evaluating the beneficial effects of a treatment, but they are conducted in conditions that rarely prevail in the usual healthcare setting in which the preponderance of medical care is provided. Consequently, it is possible that the results of these studies are hardly applicable to the sphere of regular medical care (reduced external validity).
French to English: Continuous gas monitoring
Source text - French Le 17 juin à 13 heures , la survenue d’un pneumothorax controlatéral se révèle par les mêmes désordres gazométriques (acidoses,hypercapnie,hypoxie) qui sont immédiatement corrigés par le drainage thoracique.
Le 19 juin ,devant la normalité de la radiographie pulmonaire ,le drain est clampé .Très rapidement ,survient une détérioration de la situation avec acidose ,hypercapnie,hypoxie .Le declampage du drain rétablit immédiatement la situation (Figure 4).
L’amélioration respiratoire se poursuit avec diminution progressive des constantes de ventilation assistée . Le drain est retiré le 20 juin et l’extubation est bien supportée.
R. est actuellement agé de 4 mois et demi .Son développement staturo-pondéral et psychomoteur est parfait .
Il ne présente aucune séquelle respiratoire de sa détresse néonatale.
Discussion
Dans une unité de soins néonatals ,la plupart des admissions concernent des patients fragiles et potentiellement instables . Pour ces patients ,toute modification de l’état ventilatoire au métabolique peut avoir des répercussions importantes et il est donc nécessaire de pouvoir les détecter de manier précoce et efficace afin de pouvoir réagir très rapidement.
Dans ce cas ,l’intérêt du monitorage en continu est mis en évidence par :
• Diagnostic rapide et prise ne charge d’une complication, mécanique
• Contrôle immédiat de l’efficacité des gestes techniques et de la repose à des modifications des constantes de ventilation.
• Caractère insuffisant de la mesure de la saturation en oxygène par l’oxymetrie par l’oxymetrie de pouls pour le contrôle de l’oxygénation.
• Préservation de la masse sanguine par une diminution des prélèvements itératifs.
Translation - English
On 17 June at 1300 h, the sudden appearance of a controlateral pneumothorax was revealed by the gasometric abnormalities (acidosis, hypercapnia, hypoxia), which were immediately corrected by chest drainage.
On 19 June, in light of the normality of the chest X-rays, the drain was clamped. The situation deteriorated suddenly and very rapidly, with acidosis, hypercapnia, and hypoxia. Unclamping the drain immediately restored the situation (Figure 4).
The respiratory improvement continued with progressive diminution of the assisted ventilation constants. The drain was withdrawn on 20 June and extubation was well tolerated.
R. is currently 4 and a half months of age. His pondostatural development is perfect.
He exhibits no respiratory sequelae as a result of his neonatal distress.
Discussion
In a neonatal care unit, the majority of admissions involve fragile and potentially unstable patients. For such patients, any alteration from the ventilatory status to the metabolic may have important repercussions, and it is thus necessary to be able to detect them early and effectively to be able to react very rapidly.
That being the case, the significance of continuous monitoring is underscored by:
• Rapid diagnosis and management of a complication, mechanism
• Immediate monitoring of the effectiveness of technical actions and response to modifications of ventilatory parameters.
• The inadequacy of the measurement of oxygen saturation by pulse oxymetry to monitor oxygenation.
• Conservation of blood volume by reducing repeated withdrawals.
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Experience
Years of experience: 35. Registered at ProZ.com: Sep 2000.
Adobe Acrobat, Microsoft Excel, Microsoft Word, Powerpoint
Bio
I'm Elliott B. Urdang, MD, MA (In Russian)
First, I am ATA-certified for translation from Russian to English.
& Translator of Medical Texts from French and Spanish
Certified Vendor: ForeignExchange’s Compliance Translation CertificationTM for Russian, French, and Spanish Medical
Recent work from Russian included editing of extensive documents on a court case, and translation/proofreading of lengthy studies on corporate governance and transparency of banks.
I also regularly translate medical subjects into English from Spanish and French.
My professional background as a physician is the basis of my specialization in medicine, psychiatry, and the life sciences, including the environment. In particular, I have translated the following from Russian: a 350 page book, Preventive Cardiology, by Evgenii I. Chazov and Rafael G. Oganov, published by International Universities Press, 1989*; a 300 page book on schizophrenia, intended for publication by International Universities Press; and a 250 page book, The Immune System in Space and Other Extreme Conditions, Soviet Medical Reviews Supplement Series, Immunology, Volume 3, for Gordon and Breach Science Publishers, 1991**, as well as over 1,000 articles in genetics, neurophysiology, psychophysiology, evolutionary biology, neurochemistry, animal development, sensory systems, medical subjects, etc. (for Plenum Press, Joint Publications Research Service).
I have back-translated lengthy clinical trial documents from Spanish and French into English (for BIOTEXT [formerly SYNTAXIS Multilingual Services], San Francisco, CA), from the French for Roland Translations (Toronto, CA), translated and edited Spanish to English articles and documents for MEDICAL TRANSLATORS, INC. (New York, NY) (Dr. Pablo H. Jaes), and have translated medical documents from Spanish, French, and Russian for MEDILINGUA TRANSLATIONS (Leiden, the Netherlands), LEXICOMM INTERNATIONAL (Jenkinstown, PA), TRANSPERFECT TRANSLATIONS (New York, NY), and ERIKSEN TRANSLATIONS (Brooklyn, NY), among others.
In addition to my specialty background, I have a much wider-ranging active generalist free-lance translation practice from Russian to English (American Translators Association accredited in that language pair) in a wide variety of fields, including literature, politics/diplomacy, history, international business and finance, geography, ecology, aspects of the petroleum industry (e.g., environmental impact statements, contracts), patent materials, law, commercial texts, education, etc.
I have translated for the International Monetary Fund, V. H. Winston (geography and remote sensing journals), Gordon and Breach Science Publishers (one book), International University Press (two books), a National Science Foundation-funded IKIP book at the University of Washington (Entomofauna of the Kuril Islands, Krivolutskaya, G.O.- the International Kuril Islands Project Web site: http:// artedi.fish.washington.edu/okhotskia/ikip/ Results/publications/specialpubs.htm), ME Sharpe Publishers (Soviet Studies in Literature), among others.
I have immediate personal access to a technical dictionary library of over 1000 volumes, as well as to the Brown University libraries. It is my practice to decline work for which a lack of the necessary technical background would lead to inadequate translation.
I work with an iMac G5 (using Mac OS 10.4.8, with Virtual PC 9.0), using Microsoft Word 98 for Macintosh as well as Macintosh Word 2004, which permit track change and reading of Unicode Cyrillic (with MacLinkPlus 14 can convert to and from a wide range of software for modeming via DSL)
RELEVANT EDUCATION:
1. Columbia College, New York, N.Y., Pre-Med., B.A., June, 1956, With Highest Honors, Phi Beta Kappa
2. New York State University College of Medicine, Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, N. Y. Graduated M. D., Magna Cum Laude, June, 1960.
3. University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah. Straight Pediatrics Internship (Acting Resident), 1960-61.
4. University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, (1961-64). Chief Resident in Child Psychiatry (1963-1964).
5. New York College of Medicine, Chief Resident in Child Psychiatry (1964-65).
6. Master’s Degree in Russian, Boston College, May, 1993.
Publications:
1) Ion Caraion: Poems, Ohio University Press, 1983; co-translated the book with Marguerite Dorian; bilingual Rom.-Eng. edition; 2) Published The Error of Being (Greşeala de a fi), poems of Ion Caraion, co-translated from Romanian with Marguerite Dorian, by FOREST BOOKS, 1994, bilingual Rom.-Eng. edition. (Note: I do not translate Romanian independently.)
*[Library of Congress] http://catalog.loc.gov/cgi-bin/Pwebrecon.cgi?v1=1&ti=1,1&Search%5FArg=Preventive%20Cardiology&Search%5FCode=TALL&CNT=25&PID=10242&SEQ=20060708084851&SID=1
** [Library of Congress] http://catalog.loc.gov/cgi-bin/Pwebrecon.cgi?Search_Arg=Immune+System+in+Space&Search_Code=TALL&PID=7127&SEQ=20060708084439&CNT=25&HIST=1
TRANSLATIONS:
Translated a 350 page book, Preventive Cardiology, by Evgenii I. Chazov and Rafael G. Oganov, published by International Universities Press, 1989; a 300 page book on schizophrenia, intended for publication by International Universities Press; and a 250 page book, The Immune System in Space and Other Extreme Conditions, Soviet Medical Reviews Supplement Series, Immunology, Volume 3, for Gordon and Breach Science Publishers, 1991; and a 300 page book on entomology (The Entomofauna of the Kuril Islands) for the International Kuril Islands Project at the University of Washington, Seattle.
Over 1,000 articles in genetics, neurophysiology, psychophysiology, evolutionary biology, neurochemistry, animal development, sensory systems, medical subjects, ichthyology, etc. (for Plenum Press, Joint Publications Research Service [US Government], Scripta Technica).
Sole translator for Neuroscience and Behavioral Physiology (for Plenum Press) for approximately five years.
I have also translated many documents from Russian to English for AIHA (American International Health Alliance).
Keywords: medicine, psychiatry, life sciences, environment, neurophysiology, psychophysiology, evolutionary biology, neurochemistry, animal development, sensory systems. See more.medicine, psychiatry, life sciences, environment, neurophysiology, psychophysiology, evolutionary biology, neurochemistry, animal development, sensory systems, cardiology, clinical trial documents, Russian literature, Russian politics/diplomacy, Russian history, Russian international business and finance, Russian geography, ecology, Russian petroleum industry environmental impact statements, Russian patent materials, Russian law, Russian commercial texts, Russian education, entomofauna, immunology, ichthyology, Russian contracts, Russian legislation, Russian legal, pharmacology, clinical trials, medical journal articles, Russian literature. See less.