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English to Chinese: 解码摇摆不定的上帝 General field: Art/Literary Detailed field: Religion
Source text - English The ancient Israelites got straightforward guidance from Scripture on how to handle people who didn't worship Israel's god, Yahweh. "You shall annihilate them---the Hittites and the Amorites, the Canaanites and the Perizzites, the Hivites and the Jebusites---just as the Lord your God has commanded."
The point of this exercise, explained the Book of Deuteronomy, was to make sure the "abhorrent" religions of nearby peoples didn't rub off on Israelites.
Yet sometimes the Israelites were happy to live in peace with neighbors who worshipped alien gods. In the Book of Judges, an Israelite military leader proposes a live-and-let-live arrangement with the Ammonites: "Should you not possess what your god Chemosh gives you to possess? And should we not be the ones to possess everything that our god Yahweh has conquered for our benefit?"
The Bible isn't the only Scripture with such vacillations between belligerence and tolerance. Muslims, who like Christians and Jews worship the God who revealed himself to Abraham, are counseled in one part of the Koran to "kill the polytheists wherever you find them." But another part prescribes a different stance toward unbelievers, "To you be your religion; to me my religion."
Translation - Chinese 对于不信仰以色列神耶和华的人，古代以色列人从《圣经》中得到明确的指示。“只要照耶和华你神所吩咐的，将这赫人、亚摩利人、迦南人、比利洗人、希未人和耶布斯人都灭绝净尽。”
English to Chinese: 电子货币比特币的兴衰 General field: Tech/Engineering Detailed field: Internet, e-Commerce
Source text - English In November 1, 2008, a man named Satoshi Nakamoto posted a research paper to an obscure cryptography listserv describing his design for a new digital currency that he called bitcoin. None of the list’s veterans had heard of him, and what little information could be gleaned was murky and contradictory. In an online profile, he said he lived in Japan. His email address was from a free German service. Google searches for his name turned up no relevant information; it was clearly a pseudonym. But while Nakamoto himself may have been a puzzle, his creation cracked a problem that had stumped cryptographers for decades. The idea of digital money—convenient and untraceable, liberated from the oversight of governments and banks—had been a hot topic since the birth of the Internet. Cypherpunks, the 1990s movement of libertarian cryptographers, dedicated themselves to the project. Yet every effort to create virtual cash had foundered. Ecash, an anonymous system launched in the early 1990s by cryptographer David Chaum, failed in part because it depended on the existing infrastructures of government and credit card companies. Other proposals followed—bit gold, RPOW, b-money—but none got off the ground.
One of the core challenges of designing a digital currency involves something called the double-spending problem. If a digital dollar is just information, free from the corporeal strictures of paper and metal, what’s to prevent people from copying and pasting it as easily as a chunk of text, “spending” it as many times as they want? The conventional answer involved using a central clearinghouse to keep a real-time ledger of all transactions—ensuring that, if someone spends his last digital dollar, he can’t then spend it again. The ledger prevents fraud, but it also requires a trusted third party to administer it.
Bitcoin did away with the third party by publicly distributing the ledger, what Nakamoto called the “block chain.” Users willing to devote CPU power to running a special piece of software would be called miners and would form a network to maintain the block chain collectively. In the process, they would also generate new currency. Transactions would be broadcast to the network, and computers running the software would compete to solve irreversible cryptographic puzzles that contain data from several transactions. The first miner to solve each puzzle would be awarded 50 new bitcoins, and the associated block of transactions would be added to the chain. The difficulty of each puzzle would increase as the number of miners increased, which would keep production to one block of transactions roughly every 10 minutes. In addition, the size of each block bounty would halve every 210,000 blocks—first from 50 bitcoins to 25, then from 25 to 12.5, and so on. Around the year 2140, the currency would reach its preordained limit of 21 million bitcoins.
When Nakamoto’s paper came out in 2008, trust in the ability of governments and banks to manage the economy and the money supply was at its nadir. The US government was throwing dollars at Wall Street and the Detroit car companies. The Federal Reserve was introducing “quantitative easing,” essentially printing money in order to stimulate the economy. The price of gold was rising. Bitcoin required no faith in the politicians or financiers who had wrecked the economy—just in Nakamoto’s elegant algorithms. Not only did bitcoin’s public ledger seem to protect against fraud, but the predetermined release of the digital currency kept the bitcoin money supply growing at a predictable rate, immune to printing-press-happy central bankers and Weimar Republic-style hyperinflation.
Nakamoto himself mined the first 50 bitcoins—which came to be called the genesis block—on January 3, 2009. For a year or so, his creation remained the province of a tiny group of early adopters. But slowly, word of bitcoin spread beyond the insular world of cryptography. It has won accolades from some of digital currency’s greatest minds. Wei Dai, inventor of b-money, calls it “very significant”; Nick Szabo, who created bit gold, hails bitcoin as “a great contribution to the world”; and Hal Finney, the eminent cryptographer behind RPOW, says it’s “potentially world-changing.” The Electronic Frontier Foundation, an advocate for digital privacy, eventually started accepting donations in the alternative currency.
The small band of early bitcoiners all shared the communitarian spirit of an open source software project. Gavin Andresen, a coder in New England, bought 10,000 bitcoins for $50 and created a site called the Bitcoin Faucet, where he gave them away for the hell of it. Laszlo Hanyecz, a Florida programmer, conducted what bitcoiners think of as the first real-world bitcoin transaction, paying 10,000 bitcoins to get two pizzas delivered from Papa John’s. (He sent the bitcoins to a volunteer in England, who then called in a credit card order transatlantically.) A farmer in Massachusetts named David Forster began accepting bitcoins as payment for alpaca socks.
When they weren’t busy mining, the faithful tried to solve the mystery of the man they called simply Satoshi. On a bitcoin IRC channel, someone noted portentously that in Japanese Satoshi means “wise.” Someone else wondered whether the name might be a sly portmanteau of four tech companies: SAmsung, TOSHIba, NAKAmichi, and MOTOrola. It seemed doubtful that Nakamoto was even Japanese. His English had the flawless, idiomatic ring of a native speaker.
Perhaps, it was suggested, Nakamoto wasn’t one man but a mysterious group with an inscrutable purpose—a team at Google, maybe, or the National Security Agency. “I exchanged some emails with whoever Satoshi supposedly is,” says Hanyecz, who was on bitcoin’s core developer team for a time. “I always got the impression it almost wasn’t a real person. I’d get replies maybe every two weeks, as if someone would check it once in a while. Bitcoin seems awfully well designed for one person to crank out.”
Nakamoto revealed little about himself, limiting his online utterances to technical discussion of his source code. On December 5, 2010, after bitcoiners started to call for Wikileaks to accept bitcoin donations, the normally terse and all-business Nakamoto weighed in with uncharacteristic vehemence. “No, don’t ‘bring it on,’” he wrote in a post to the bitcoin forum. “The project needs to grow gradually so the software can be strengthened along the way. I make this appeal to Wikileaks not to try to use bitcoin. Bitcoin is a small beta community in its infancy. You would not stand to get more than pocket change, and the heat you would bring would likely destroy us at this stage.”
Then, as unexpectedly as he had appeared, Nakamoto vanished. At 6:22 pm GMT on December 12, seven days after his Wikileaks plea, Nakamoto posted his final message to the bitcoin forum, concerning some minutiae in the latest version of the software. His email responses became more erratic, then stopped altogether. Andresen, who had taken over the role of lead developer, was now apparently one of just a few people with whom he was still communicating. On April 26, Andresen told fellow coders: “Satoshi did suggest this morning that I (we) should try to de-emphasize the whole ‘mysterious founder’ thing when talking publicly about bitcoin.” Then Nakamoto stopped replying even to Andresen’s emails. Bitcoiners wondered plaintively why he had left them. But by then his creation had taken on a life of its own.
Translation - Chinese 2008年11月1日，一位自称中本聪（Satoshi Nakamoto）的人在一个隐蔽的密码学讨论组上发表了一篇研究论文，详细论述了他发明的一种名叫“比特币”（bitcoin）的新型电子货币。讨论组里面的资深老鸟都没有听说过这个人，关于他的那一丁点信息也是极其模糊且自相矛盾的。在网上资料中，中本聪说他住在日本。他的电子邮件地址则来源于一个免费的德国服务站点。用谷歌搜索他的名字也找不到相关信息，很显然中本聪是个假名。不过就算中本聪本身是个谜团，但他的发明解决了困扰破译秘密者长达数十年的难题。自互联网诞生以来，数字货币的理念的一直是个热门话题，它使用方便又不可追踪，可以不受政府和银行的监管。上世纪90年代，一个名为“密码朋克”的自由主义密码破译组织就全身心投入到创建电子货币的项目中去。但是一切的努力换来的都是失败。匿名系统“电子现金”（Ecash）在上世纪90年代初期由密码破译者大卫•丘姆（David Chaum）推出。这种电子货币失败的部分原因在于它依赖于政府和信用卡公司的现有基础设施。之后有比特金（bit gold）、RPOW、b-钱（b-money）等多种电子货币出现，但没有一个获得成功。
设计电子货币面临的核心挑战之一就是要解决所谓重复支付的问题。如果电子货币只是信息，摆脱了纸张和金属等狭隘的形式，那如何避免人们将它作为一段文本，轻易地进行复制粘贴，然后随心所欲的多次“支付”呢？传统的解决方案就是利用一个中央票据交换所，建立一个所有交易的实时总账，并确保如果有人用掉了他手上的电子货币，那以后就不能重复使用。总账为了避免欺诈，它还需要一个可信赖的第三方进行管理。
比特币利用公开分布总账的方法废除了第三方管理，中本聪将其称之为“区块链”（block chain）。用户乐于奉献自己电脑的CPU力量，运行一款特殊的软件进行“挖矿”，并形成一个网络来共同维持区块链。在这个过程中，它们也将产生新的货币。交易会散布到这个网络上，运行软件的电脑会竞争破解不可逆的密码谜题。这些谜题包括来自于好几个交易的数据。第一个解决谜题的挖矿者会被奖励50比特币，相关的交易区块会被加入链条中。虽然挖矿者数量的增加，每个谜题的难度也会增加，这使得每个交易区块的产生时间维持在10分钟左右。此外，每达到21万个区块，每个区块的奖励就将减半，首先是从50比特币减到25，再从25减到12.5，以此类推。到2140年左右，比特币将达到事先规定好的2100万的上限。
WORK EXPERIENCENetEase, Inc November 2009 — Present
Freelancer Translator
NetEase, Inc. (simplified Chinese: 网易; traditional Chinese: 網易) is
a Chinese Internet company that operates 163.com, a popular web portal ranked 27
by Alexa as of April 2014. It listed on NASDAQ (NTES) as early as 2000.
As a freelancer translator, I translate and edit news for technology and finance
sections of 163.com.Beyond that, I listen and translate interview videos of Thomas
Sargent, Robert A. Mundell, Sushil Kumar, Jørgen Vig Knudstorp (Lego Group CEO),
Robert J. Shiller and the speech video of Alan Greenspan at 2014 Netease Annual
Economist Conference.
Sohu, Inc. September 2010 — Present
Freelancer Translator
Sohu, Inc. (Chinese: 搜狐) is a Chinese Internet company operates sohu.com, a
popular web portal ranked 20 by Alexa as of September 2014. It listed on NASDAQ
(Sohu) as early as 2000.
As a freelancer translator, I translate and edit news for IT and digital sections of
sohu.com. Beyond that, I participate text live of Apple WWDC and iPhone Launches,
Google I/O Conferences.
1905.com May 2011 — Present
Freelancer Translator
1905.com is a China-based leading movie listing and information website.
I listen, translate, subtitle, sync and encode trailers, featurettes and interviews of
movies, using softwares including Subtitle Workshop and Megui.
Programmer Magazine February 2012 — May 2012
Freelancer Translator
I translated three articles for Programmer Magazine 《程序员》which are listed as follow:
February 2012 publication, page 24-25, 《2011，大数据与数据科学之年》
The original article link:
http://radar.oreilly.com/2011/12/big-data-data-science-2011.html
April 2012 publication, page 30-31, 《如何挑选联合创始人》
The original article link:
http://blog.eladgil.com/2012/02/how-to-choose-co-founder.html
May 2012 publication, page 36-38, 《Youtube成功秘诀----七年可扩展经验分享》
The original article link:
http://highscalability.com/blog/2012/3/26/7-years-of-youtube-scalability-lessons-in-30-minutes.html
MIT Technology Review Magazine (China)
January 2012 — February 2012
Freelancer Translator
I translated one article for MIT Technology Review Magazine 《麻省理工科技创
业》which is listed as follow:
Portfolio