Glossary entry

English term or phrase:

Precision 1 mHz –10 kHz arbitrary waveform generation capability

French translation:

plage de fréquences

Added to glossary by Jean-Christophe Duc
Oct 27, 2016 09:08
7 yrs ago
3 viewers *
English term

Precision 1 mHz –10 kHz arbitrary waveform generation capability

English to French Tech/Engineering Electronics / Elect Eng Electricity - Wave form generation
This is for a waveform generator and I am confused by the -
What does "1 mHz –10 kHz" refer to here? Is it a range or two different values for precision and WF generation?

Discussion

Johannes Gleim Nov 3, 2016:
@ Jean-Christophe Pouvez-vous nous communiquer la traduction pour toute la phrase interrogée:
« Precision 1 mHz –10 kHz arbitrary waveform generation capability » ?

Nota: Le terme choisi « plage de fréquences » n’est qu’une circonscription pour « 1 mHz –10 kHz » et désigne « frequency range » ou « frequency band », termes non interrogés. Comment sont les autres termes « arbitrary waveform generation capability » et « precision » traduit dans le contexte ?

Malheureusement personne s’occupait de la question « quel est le mot problématique ».
Johannes Gleim Oct 29, 2016:
@ Jean-Christophe As no response received so far, I started my own research and found no trace of testing equipment for mechanical properties, but some AWG-instruments for electrical testing with terminology in English and French, allowing me to propose a different translation.

BTW: The question, whether "1 mHz –10 kHz" designates a frequency range or not, can be answered as well: The equipment is capable to generate individual frequencies within this range. This must be distinguished from equipment which produces a broad band of frequencies, called wobbulators or sweep generators.
Johannes Gleim Oct 28, 2016:
@ Didier I know material tests like 'Creep and Stress-Relaxation Test' or 'tensile strength test' from my professional activity as test engineer. But I cannot associate a waveform generator with this testing machinery. Normally the workbench is actuated by electric motors like step motors or gear motors supplied by mains voltage or frequency converters. But I cannot believe in such low frequencies for the supply voltage.

Or do you mean the test cycle or ramp time? A mechanical stress and strain variation over the time?

Unfortunately we do not have any additional information from J.-C. up to now, answering these essential questions.
Didier Fourcot Oct 28, 2016:
example of use of mHz In the mechanical test machines that I know for working on their manuals since years, the waveform generator drives the test bench through an electric or hydraulic actuator to test materials.
In creep and stress relaxation tests, it is not unusual to have 1000 second cycles, this is less than 20 minutes, which may be approppriate to test the fire resistance of a building beam.
http://www.instron.us/en-us/our-company/library/glossary/c/c...
By the way understanding Mega instead of milli should create an odd order for the numbers, 10 kHz should probably be before 1 MHz
Johannes Gleim Oct 28, 2016:
@ Tony & J.C. Thank you for your suggestion, Tony. To be sure, I like to have a corresponding confirmation by Jean-Christophe. "waveform generation" is to vague for me. It would be better that he also informs about the purpose of that instrument.

He should also explain, what the strange wordings "Precision ... waveform generation" comprises. It raises questions, whether it describes a accurate waveform without any harmonics, or indicates the precision of the selected frequency, or how exactly the frequency is determined or maintained?

What are values and units for this "precision" indicated anywhere in the document?
Tony M Oct 28, 2016:
@ Johannes There is nothing wrong with the concept of 1 millihertz here, and it would be a grave error to assume it was meant to be 'mega-' — not least, becasue freqiencye ranges are always conventionally give from the lower to the higher frequency, unless specifically stated otherwise.
Here, it is not the electromagnetic wavelength that is of interest, but the period — this sort of low-frequency synthesized waveforms are comonly used in specialist fields, one of them being vibration and seismic analysis, for example, as well as other fields where it is not necessarily the periodic nature of the waveform that is of the most interest, but rather, the length of time over which a custom waveform can be 'programmed'.
Johannes Gleim Oct 27, 2016:
@ J-C I'm also confused as a frequency of 1 Millihertz [mHz] has a wavelength of 1000 seconds x 300,000 km/s = 300,000,000 km. That is 2 times longer than the distance from the earth to the sun. Who can make use of such slow periods changing polarity all 7 minutes? Or does it means 'Megahertz'?

Do you know the application of this generator? Is it a sweep generator, generating all frequencies over the complete frequency range?
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sweep_generator
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wobbulator
Platary (X) Oct 27, 2016:
Bonjour Le modèle *** génère des formes d'ondes sinusoïdales, carrées et impulsionnelles haute qualité sur toute la plage de fréquences allant de 0,1 mHz à 10 MHz. Des rapports cycliques/symétries variables sont disponibles pour toutes les formes d'ondes.

Proposed translations

+6
16 mins
Selected

plage de fréquences

Plage sur laquelle le générateur peut produire des formes d'onde précises
Note from asker:
Merci
Peer comment(s):

agree GILLES MEUNIER
9 mins
agree Platary (X)
22 mins
agree Daryo
1 hr
agree Alain Boulé
3 hrs
agree Tony M
6 hrs
neutral Johannes Gleim : This is a answer to the question from the context. The asker wanted a translation for "Precision 1 mHz –10 kHz arbitrary waveform generation capability".
2 days 9 hrs
agree Kim Metzger
2 days 11 hrs
Something went wrong...
4 KudoZ points awarded for this answer.
2 days 8 hrs

Capable de générer (de formes) d’onde arbitraire (ou signaux) de précision de 1 mHz à 10 kHz

Precision 1 mHz –10 kHz arbitrary waveform generation capability

Traduit par
Capable de générer des signaux arbitraires de précision de 1 mHz à10 kHz
ou
Capable de générer (des formes) d’ondes arbitraires de précision de 1 mHz à10 kHz

L' AWG7000 est capable de générer des signaux intégrant des imperfections jusqu’à 10 Gb/s pour les applications de données série à haute vitesse , et des signaux RF/FI modulés jusqu’à 5 GHz pour les applications en large bande dont les radars avancés.
http://www2.tek.com/cmswpt/prdetails.lotr?ct=PR&cs=nwr&ci=45...

PA72G14180 est un générateur de forme d'onde arbitraire de 14 bits, capable de générer des formes d'onde à des vitesses allant jusqu'à 180Me/s.
https://www.acquisys.fr/actualites/cartes-acquisition-donnee...

Signal generators | LeCroy WaveStation 2052
Function/Arbitary Waveform Generator, 2 Channel, 50 MHz. Basic function: sine, square, ramp, pulse and noise, 14-bit, 125 MS/s and 16 kpts, Large 3.5” color display for easy waveform preview, Over 40 built-in arbitrary waveforms. Linear & Logarithmic sweeps and burst operation + AM, PM, FM, ASK, PSK, FSK and PWM- USB and GPIB connectivity. Graphical waveform editing software for PCBasic function: sine, square, ramp, pulse and noise.
http://en.leasametric.com/advanced-search/8/219/2358/lecroy-...

Générateurs de signaux | LeCroy WaveStation 2052
Générateur de Fonctions + arbitraire, 2 voies, 50MHz, génère les signaux basiques + arbitraires 14 bits, 125Ms/s, 16Kps, écran TFT 3''1/2, 40 tupes de signaux pré-enregistrés, vobulation linéaire ou log, AM, PM, FM, ASK, PSK, FSK and PWM, port USB, logiciel PC.
http://www.leasametric.com/advanced-search/8/219/2358/lecroy...

Function generator and arbitrary waveform generator (AWG)
Frequency range DC to 20 MHz
Standard waveforms Sine, square, triangle, ramp, sin(x)/x,
Gaussian, half-sine, white noise, DC level, PRBS
http://www.picotech.com/document/pdf/ps6000-en-1.pdf

Générateur de fonctions et générateur de formes d'ondes arbitraires (AWG)
Plage de fréquences CC à 20 MHz
Formes d'ondes standard sinusoïdale, carrée, triangulaire, rampante, (sin x)/x
gaussienne, demi-sinusoïdale, bruit blanc, niveau CC, PRBS
http://www.picotech.com/document/pdf/ps6000-fr-1.pdf

SCENE MEMORIES
:
Waveforms Generator: Low Frequency Oscillator
Goal
The LFO (Waveforms Generator) allows the generation of a Waveform in different shapes: sine, square, triangular or random.
This wave can be considered like a slider or knob, and therefore introduced in any MIDI chain defined by the user. This functionality of the Bitstream 3X gives the user a MIDI control without having to manually and continually modify a slider.
Each of these 4 Waveforms can be controlled as far as amplitude, offset and frequency, which offers a large flexibility in configuration of the parameter to control.
Selection of the Waveform
The LFO can generate the following waveforms:
 Sine
 Square
 Triangle
 Random
http://waveidea.fr/en/downloads/bitstream_3x/bs3x_manual_e_v...

Les memoires de scenes
:
Générateur d’ondes : Low Frequency Oscillator
But
Le LFO (générateur d’ondes ou encore Waveforms Generator) permet de générer une onde de type sinusoïdale, carrée, triangulaire, ou aléatoire.
Cette onde peut être considérée comme un potentiomètre, et donc introduite dans n’importe quelle chaîne MIDI définie par l’utilisateur. Cette fonctionnalité présente sur le Bitstream 3X permet d’automatiser un contrôle MIDI sans avoir à modifier manuellement et continuellement un
potentiomètre.
Chacune de ces quatre formes d’onde est réglable en amplitude, offset et fréquence, ce qui offre une grande souplesse de configuration en fonction du paramètre à contrôler.
Sélection de la forme d’onde
La forme d’onde générée par le LFO peut être de plusieurs types, parmi lesquels :
- Sinus
- Carré
- Triangle
- Aléatoire
http://waveidea.fr/fr/downloads/bitstream_3x/bs3x_manual_f_v...

5 Non-fluctuating target generation
Ten simulated equally-spaced, equi-amplitude targets were generated along a radial using RF signal generators, arbitrary waveform generators, and other miscellaneous RF equipment (combiners, cabling, attenuators, etc.) for each of the radars operating at a 3-nmi (5.6 km) range.
http://www.itu.int/dms_pub/itu-r/opb/rep/R-REP-M.2050-2004-P...

5 Génération de cibles non fluctuantes
Dix cibles simulées équidistantes et de même amplitude ont été générées le long d'une radiale à l'aide de générateurs de signaux RF, de générateurs de formes d'onde arbitraires et de divers équipements RF (combineurs, installations de câbles, atténuateurs, etc.) pour chacun des radars avec une portée de 3 milles nautiques (5,6 km).
http://www.itu.int/dms_pub/itu-r/opb/rep/R-REP-M.2050-2004-P...
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Reference comments

2 days 7 hrs
Reference:

Some Arbitrary waveform generators

I checked approx. 50 references for "waveform generation" "1 mHz" and found the following (all other shows “1MHz”:

In the past, waveform signals were generated with analog methods; older instruments used, for example, phase locked loops (PLL) to create a sine wave. Now, signals are digitized. This means that a signal generator approximates the signal curve with a staircase form (see Figure 1). The width (time scale) and height (amplitude scale) of each single step depend on the sample rate and the magnitude resolution. The smaller these steps are the better a signal can be reproduced.
:
A “bandpass filter“ is used to filter out unwanted portions resulting in a smooth output signal. It removes the steps of the DDS output and prevents drifts in the signal. Following paragraphs illustrate this in more detail.
Figure 5 shows a 1 MHz sine wave output signal measured with an Interface 5000. The blue curve shows the output after the phase accumulator. Note that the clock frequency is 24 MHz. Hence a single sine wave exhibits 24 signal steps. The total signal is superimposed by high‑frequency noise. In contrast, the filtered output signal (red curve) is smooth and the staircase form is nearly completely filtered out. Further, the signal’s noise is also drastically reduced. The final output signal resembles more an analog signal.
[Figure 5]
Figure 6 compares the Fast‑Fourier‑Transformation (FFT) diagrams of both sine wave signals that are shown in Figure 5. The sine wave signals are displayed in the frequency‑domain. Figure 6A shows the unfiltered signal and Figure 6B shows the filtered signal.
Both plots show a major signal peak at 1 MHz which resembles the sine wave’s base frequency. Additional peaks can be found at the harmonics of the sine wave’s base frequency which is, in this case, n times 1 MHz (n = 2, 3, 4, …). These peaks are nearly completely filtered out by the filter as shown in Figure 6B.
[Figures 6 a&B]
:
In contrast to high frequencies, low frequency signals can be controlled more easily because they resemble slow processes. Low frequencies do not have an instrumental but more a practical limitation. For example, a single sine wave of a 10 mHz signal lasts over 27 hours.
http://www.gamry.com/application-notes/EIS/waveform-generati...
Note: The remainders of harmonics distort the desired sinus wave and make it less accurate.

Function and arbitrary waveform generators are among the most important and versatile pieces of electronic test equipment. In electronic design and troubleshooting, the circuit under scrutiny often requires a controllable signal to simulate its normal operation. The testing of physical systems and transducers often needs stable and reliable signals. The signal levels needed range from microvolts to tens of volts or more.
Modern DDS (direct digital synthesis) function generators are able to provide a wide variety of signals. Today's basic units are capable of sine, square, and triangle outputs from less than 1 Hz to at least 1 MHz, with variable amplitude and adjustable DC offset. Many generators include extra features, such as higher frequency capability, variable symmetry, frequency sweep, AM and FM operation, and gated burst mode. More advanced models offer a variety of additional waveforms and Arbitrary Waveform Generators can supply user-defined periodic waveforms.
:
This generator can generate 1 Hz to 25 MHz sine and square waves, 1 Hz to 5 MHz triangle and ramp waveforms, and 1 mHz to 10 MHz pulses. AM, FM, and FSK modulation are available (AM modulation can also be done on the arbitrary waveforms). The instrument comes with a serial port and an optional IEEE-488 GPIB port.
:
Applications
Response testing with function generators
Stimulus-response testing is widely used to characterize behavior. Because many physical phenomena can be converted to and from electrical signals, a function generator is a good general-purpose stimulus source.
Frequency response measurement
A function generator can be used to characterize the frequency response of a system. This can be done manually, but it is labor-intensive and prone to errors. The operator sets the frequency, then measures the system's response. The results can be plotted with frequency on the horizontal axis and the response on the vertical axis. If the phase response can also be measured, a Bode plot of the system's response can be made.
Modern function generators often have the ability to sweep the frequency of the output signal. This is a fast way to characterize frequency-dependent behavior because it's easy to set up and display on an oscilloscope. We will briefly discuss how this can be done with older analog equipment, and then look at how it's done with modern DDS generators and digital oscilloscopes.
http://www.bkprecision.com/support/downloads/function-and-ar...

Arbitrary Waveforms
Arbitrary waveforms can meet needs not met by the instrument’s standard waveforms. For example, you might need a unique stimulus, or you might want to simulate signal imperfections such as overshoot, ringing, glitching, or noise. Arbitrary waveforms can be very complex, making them suitable for simulating signals in modern communications systems.
You can create arbitrary waveforms from a minimum of 8 points (33500 Series) or 32 points (33600 Series) up to 1,000,000 points. The instrument stores these numeric data points, known as "samples," in memory and then converts them into voltages as the waveform is generated. The frequency at which points are read is the "sample rate," and the waveform frequency equals the sample rate divided by the number of points in the waveform. For example, suppose a waveform has 40 points and the sample rate is 10 MHz. The frequency would be (10 MHz)/40 = 250 kHz and its period would be 4 µs.
:
Quasi-Gaussian Noise
The Noise waveform is optimized for both quantitative and qualitative statistical properties. It does not repeat for more than 50 years of continuous operation. Unlike a true gaussian distribution, there is zero probability of getting a voltage beyond the instrument’s Vpp setting. The crest factor (peak voltage divided by RMS voltage) is approximately 4.6.
You can vary the Noise bandwidth from 1 mHz to the instrument's maximum bandwidth. The energy in the noise signal is concentrated in a band from DC to the selected bandwidth, so the signal has greater spectral density in the band of interest when the bandwidth setting is lower. In audio work, for example, you might set the bandwidth to 30 kHz, to make the audio band signal strength 30 dB higher than if the bandwidth were set to 30 MHz.
http://rfmw.em.keysight.com/spdhelpfiles/33500/webhelp/US/Co...

1mHz-10MHz Function/Arbitrary Waveform Generator with 50 MHz Frequency Counter & Time Mark
Scientech 4211 Function / Arbitrary Waveform Generator is based on Direct Digital Synthesis (DDS) technique to create stable, accurate output waveforms.
:
Product Features
• Based on Direct Digital Synthesis (DDS) technique
• 3.5inch TFT True Color LCD
• Low distortion sine wave
• Square wave with fast rise & fall time
• 10 MHz Sine & 4 MHz Square waveform
• Pulse, Ramp, Triangle, Noise, and DC waveforms
• More than 25 Arbitrary waveforms
• 10bits, 100MSa/s, 4K points arbitrary waves
• AM, FM and FSK modulation types
• Sweep and Burst/ASK operation
http://www.scientechworld.com/test-and-measurement-solutions...

The Keysight Technologies, Inc. 33210A function/arbitrary waveform generator is the latest addition to the 332XX family. Waveforms are generated using direct digital synthesis (DDS) technology which creates stable, accurate low distortion sine waves as well as square waves with fast rise and fall times up to 10 MHz and linear ramp waves up to 100 kHz
:
Waveform characteristics
Sine
Frequency range 1 mHz to 10 MHz
Amplitude
Flatness 1, 2
(relative to 1 kHz)
< 100 kHz 0 .1 dB
100 kHz to 5 MHz 0.2 dB
5 MHz to 10 MHz 0.3 dB
Harmonic distortion 2, 3< 1 Vpp ≥ 1 Vpp
DC to 20 kHz –70 dBc –70 dBc
20 kHz to 100 kHz –65 dBc –60 dBc
100 kHz to 1 MHz –50 dBc –45 dBc
1 MHz to 10 MHz –40 dBc –30 dBc
:
Ramp, triangle
Frequency range 1 mHz to 100 kHz
Linearity < 0.1% of peak output
Variable symmetry 0.0% to 100.0%
:
Footnotes
[1] Add 1/10th of output amplitude and offset spec per °C for operation outside the range of 18 to 28 °C
[2] Autorange enabled
[3] DC offset set to 0 V
https://www.google.de/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd...

The FGA5050 is a function generator that equips with the arbitrary waveform function. In addition to Sine waveform, Square waveform, Ramp waveform of those custom waveform generation function, the FGA5050 offers to realize high precision waveform with 1 µHz of resolution and 50 MHz of wideband frequency. The FGA5050 can be used in wide application such as “Voltage variation test for Automotive Electronic Component”, “ECU false signal source”, “Charge-Discharge test for the rechargeable battery”, Ripple super-impose test” an it can be used as the trigger signal for the various typ of test system.
:
Application
Voltage variation test for Automotive Electronic Devices ….
Measurement of the output impedance of the power supply …
https://www.google.de/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd...
(Could not be pasted, must be written manually)

Conclusion: It is possible to find (but rarely) very low frequency generators <1 Hz for testing electronic devices, but not for driving/controlling any test equipment like tensile strength tester. Some devices offers such low frequencies only for ramps.
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