Spanish to English Law/Patents Law: Contract(s)

This word appears many times in the document I am working on which involves regulations for spin-off companies from a parent organisation. I'm not sure that it always means the same thing, e.g.,

1. Participación en proyectos empresariales (involvement/participation in?)
2. Propuesta de participación en una empresa (involvement in?)
3. Su participación en el capital social de la Spin-Off (involvement/participation in?)
4. Participación de ************** en el órgano de gobierno (Representation of?)

and
5. Spin-off: empresa participada por personal de********************* (owned by?)

I've looked in the forums, but am still unsure.
I would be very grateful for any help.
Thanks,
C.