English to French Tech/Engineering Construction / Civil Engineering road project

The standard steps for road construction are presented below. These steps are applicable to any construction road project but depending on the specifics of the road some of the steps are less relevant or even skipped (eg such as where a road is improved rather than built as a full new alignment).
 Step 1 - Clearing: Clearing of vegetation and the cleaning of all the intervention area necessary to the road widening. This shall be done using a bulldozer, tipper trucks, mechanical saw, motor grader and excavator;
 Step 2 - Topsoil Stripping and Filling: After vegetation clearing, the same team will perform the stripping of the soil to remove the topsoil layer. The topsoil layer is a valuable resource and will be kept for the later landscaping and reinstatement works;
 Step 3 - Excavation: After preparing the soil, the excavation works will start, which refers to the road platform and its drainage system of the fill bases necessary to establish the levels of the new road surface (Figure 2.6). The excavation will be carried out by different methods conditioned by the nature of soil encountered:
- Soft soils: Excavators with a soil excavation buckets will be used to load the material in tipper trucks. Or, once excavated, the material could be collected by a bulldozer and/or a grader and loaded by an excavator in tipper trucks;
- Hard soils or soft soils: Excavators with ripper tooth buckets will be used to deconstruct hard material or rocks and load the material in Tipper Trucks with a normal duty bucket;
[Poor excavated material will be taken to the disposal site, good excavated materials considered as suitable could be directly put in fill or stocked and reloaded;
All this excavated material will be carried to the designated dumpsite while filling to be performed shall be made with earth originating from the selected quarries (see Section 2.6.5.2).
 Step 4- Filling: The embankment will be constructed using suitable materials obtained from cutting or imported material from borrow areas. The contractor will be using grader and/or bulldozer for placing materials in consecutive layers of uniform thickness (see Figure 2.7, Figure 2.8);
 Step 5 - Granular Layers: After earth moving and pavement crowning levelling, a 20 cm sub-base layer in lateritic material will be applied followed by a base layer in graded crush granitic stones of 15 cm thickness (Figure 2.9);