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English to Thai: A Voluntary Partnership Agreement (VPA) General field: Other Detailed field: Forestry / Wood / Timber
Source text - English The dynamics of VPA processes
A Voluntary Partnership Agreement (VPA) process comprises several processes that overlap and interact. These processes reflect political and other dynamics in the EU, in the timber-exporting partner country and in bilateral negotiations.
VPA processes are, therefore, complex, potentially lengthy and prone to shifts in power relations, such as those created by national elections. No single individual or institution controls VPA processes. Rather, VPA processes are driven by partnerships as stakeholders come together to identify solutions to problems. Formal and informal structures support these processes.
Viewpoint. John Hudson on what is exciting about VPAs
"One of the most exciting things for me has been that this isn't government; this isn't activist NGOs; it isn't the private sector. It's all of them together making common cause and I think the success that's happened so far is a consequence of that, of those different people coming together. And they didn't come together naturally. It took time. And there are still tensions of course, different motives, but a far greater appreciation of common interests than there used to be."
John Hudson, former senior forestry advisor at the UK Department for International Development / Source: EU FLEGT Facility interview 2014
VPA dynamics in a timber-exporting country
The dynamics that affect a VPA process in a timber-exporting country reflect the national political context, the priorities of stakeholders, and relations within and among groups of stakeholders.
Relations within and among stakeholder groups
Differences in priorities among stakeholder groups affect perceptions of a VPA and whether or not a country enters into negotiations (see box ‘Differing aspirations may affect how stakeholders view a potential VPA'). For instance:
Governments may perceive a VPA as a tool to support law enforcement, increase tax revenue from the forest sector or ensure the sustainability of forestry
Timber exporters may see a VPA as a means to expand their market, or eliminate unfair competition from cheap illegal wood
Civil society organisations may see a VPA as a tool for achieving governance reforms or environmental goals
Different priorities can make it difficult for stakeholder groups to find common ground, at least initially. A history of weak and unequal relations among groups, particularly between civil society organisations and both government and the private sector, can further hinder progress. In most cases, however, VPA processes have rebalanced power dynamics and fostered a culture of constructive engagement among major stakeholder groups.
A key challenge for each stakeholder group is to get other groups to understand its perspective and that it does not pose a threat. Understanding each other's perspectives enables stakeholder groups to identify ways to compromise and to foster changes that bring benefits to all. Persistence, open dialogue and willingness to compromise are key.
Priorities can also vary within stakeholder groups. In the private sector, for instance, small operators have different needs to large companies. Among civil society organisations, some focus on specific topics that a VPA could affect, such as human rights, poverty or biodiversity, but others do not.
English to Thai: Dispute Guide General field: Other Detailed field: Business/Commerce (general)
Source text - English Six ways to avoid disputes and chargebacks
Smooth deliveries:Your dispute resolution guide
Online and Mail Order Retailers
Make sure your trading name appears correctly on the Card Member statement.
If you’re unsure and would like to check, or if it’s incorrect, just call our Merchant Services Team.
Reply with all supporting documentation before the due date to protect your right to a dispute resolution.
Help the Card Member recognise the transaction by providing as much information as possible (e.g. receipt number, product description etc.).
Advise Card Members of your return policy for damaged and unwanted goods, or cancellations of any kind.
If possible, have the Card Member sign to indicate they have read it.
Always obtain an authorisation code for the full value of the transaction, including delivery costs.
Never split a charge to avoid your floor limit threshold or to skip authorisation.
If you have any enquiries, please call ourMerchant Services Hotline on 2277 2277 9am 6.30pm, Monday to Friday (except public holidays).
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American Express International, Inc (Incorporated with Limited Liability in U.S.A) 18/F, Cityplaza 4, 12 Taikoo Wan Road, Taikoo Shing, Hong Kong.
®Registered Trademark of American Express Company.
Dispute resolution tips for great customer service
Give your Card Member an approximate delivery timeline.
Where possible, deliver to the Card Member’s billing address and collect signed proof of delivery, including information such as the delivery address and delivery date.
In the case of recurring billing (such as a monthly subscription cost), get the Card Memberto sign a membership contract.
Always honour the Card Member’s requests regarding cancellation of services.
Utilise our fraud prevention tools, including:
Enhanced AuthorisationThis complimentary tool cross checks the information in the authorisation request(e.g. IP address, email address and shipping information) against the customer’s previous transaction to flag any fraudulent data.To find out more, email [email protected]
SafeKeyThis complimentary tool helps online Merchants reduce fraud by confirming the Card Member’s identity with a one-time password.
To find out more, visit amexsafekey.com
Verify-It Our complimentary web-based name and address verification service helps verify whether the billing address and name provided are correct.
To find out more, visit americanexpress.com/verifyit
Accertify Accertify’s suite of products and services will help you drive down the cost of fraud, simplify your business processes and ultimately, increase revenue.To find out more, visit accertify.com
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ฮ่องกง
American Express International, Inc (Incorporated with Limited Liability in U.S.A) 18/F, Cityplaza 4, 12 Taikoo Wan Road, Taikoo Shing, Hong Kong.
®Registered Trademark of American Express Company.
I am a native speaker of Thai and based in Thailand. I used to spend three years of residency in Australia for M.B. study. I have excellent computer skills including office software and Internet research. I completed an M.A. in Translation (English to Thai) in 2009 and be a member of The Translators and Interpreters Association of Thailand since 2009. My specializations include general business, manufacturing and industry procedures translations due to my over 15 years of professional experience as top management and a consultant in many manufacturing and logistics industries.
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