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Translation glossary: Acoustics, Sound, Audio Engineering Glossary

Creator:
K. Isaac
K. Isaac
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Magnetic ShieldingAlso called magnetic compensation (which is usually a more accurate description). A means of restricting the radiation range of the stray magnetic field from a drive unit’s permanent magnet which might otherwise interfere with the correct operation of moving-coil meters or CRT television monitors. While it is possible to enclose a magnet in a soft-metal case to prevent a stray magnetic field this becomes very expensive for large magnets, and so 
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Magnetic ShieldingAlso called magnetic compensation (which is usually a more accurate description). A means of restricting the radiation range of the stray magnetic field from a drive unit’s permanent magnet which might otherwise interfere with the correct operation of moving-coil meters or CRT television monitors. While it is possible to enclose a magnet in a soft-metal case to prevent a stray magnetic field this becomes very expensive for large magnets, and so 
English
MasterA device which controls slave devices. Often used to refer to synchronised recorders, or digital clocking devices. 
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MasteringTraditionally the sequencing of individual recordings to form a cohesive album of material, and to apply corrective equalisation and dynamics processing to ensure a consistent sound character and to optimise playback on the widest possible range of sound systems. Appropriate signal processing may also be applied to make the mastered material suitable for its intended medium (such as controlling transient peaks and dynamics and mono-ing the bass f 
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MasteringTraditionally the sequencing of individual recordings to form a cohesive album of material, and to apply corrective equalisation and dynamics processing to ensure a consistent sound character and to optimise playback on the widest possible range of sound systems. Appropriate signal processing may also be applied to make the mastered material suitable for its intended medium (such as controlling transient peaks and dynamics and mono-ing the bass f 
English
MatrixA facility found mostly in live-sound mixing consoles used to create separate mixes which can be sent to many different output destinations. Essentially, a Matrix creates \'a mix of mixes\' since derived from pre-mixed output signals such as subgroups, auxes or main outputs. This is in contrast to the normal console mixing facilities which are derived from input channel signals. A matrix can be any size, and is usually described in terms of numbe 
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MatrixA facility found mostly in live-sound mixing consoles used to create separate mixes which can be sent to many different output destinations. Essentially, a Matrix creates \'a mix of mixes\' since derived from pre-mixed output signals such as subgroups, auxes or main outputs. This is in contrast to the normal console mixing facilities which are derived from input channel signals. A matrix can be any size, and is usually described in terms of numbe 
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Maximum SPLThe loudest sound pressure level that a device can generate or tolerate. 
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MBMegabyte. Nominally 1,000,000 (one million) bytes of data, but in fact, because computer memory works in with binary, the actual value is 1,048,576 bytes (220). 
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MDMModular Digital Multitrack. An obsolete term for hardware digital recorders that can be used in multiples to provide a greater number of synchronized tracks than a single machine. 
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MemoryA computer\'s memory (RAM) used to store programs and data. This data is lost when the computer is switched off and so must be stored to disk or other suitable archive media. 
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MenuA list of choices presented by a computer program or a device with a display window. 
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MeteringA display intended to indicate the level of a sound signal. It could indicate peak levels (eg. PPMs or digital sample meters), average levels (VU or RMS meters), or perceived loudness (LUFS meters). 
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Mic LevelThe nominal signal level generated by a microphone. Typically around -50dBu. Mic level signals must be amplified to raise them to line-level. 
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MicrophoneA device used to convert an acoustic sound wave into an electrical signal. 
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MicroprocessorA specialised IC at the heart of a computer which performs calculations and other data manipulations, following software instructions. 
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Mid-range (mid, mids)The middle portion of the audible frequency spectrum, typically denoting frequencies between about 300Hz and 3kHz. 
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MIDIMusical Instrument Digital Interface. A defined interface format that enables electronic musical instruments and computers to communicate instructional data and synchronise timing. MIDI sends musical information between compatible devices, including the pitch, volume and duration of individual notes, along with many other aspects of the instruments that lend themselves to electronic control. MIDI can also carry timing information in the form of M 
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MIDIMusical Instrument Digital Interface. A defined interface format that enables electronic musical instruments and computers to communicate instructional data and synchronise timing. MIDI sends musical information between compatible devices, including the pitch, volume and duration of individual notes, along with many other aspects of the instruments that lend themselves to electronic control. MIDI can also carry timing information in the form of M 
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MIDI AnalyserA device that gives a visual readout of MIDI activity when connected between two pieces of MIDI equipment. 
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MIDI Bank ChangeA type of controller message used to select alternate banks of MIDI Programs where access to more than 128 programs is required. 
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MIDI Control ChangeAlso known as MIDI Controllers or Controller Data, these messages convey positional information relating to performance controls such as wheels, pedals, switches and other devices. This information can be used to control functions such as vibrato depth, brightness, portamento, effects levels, and many other parameters. 
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MIDI ControllerA term used to describe the physical interface by means of which the musician plays the MIDI synthesizer or other sound generator. Examples of controllers are keyboards, drum pads, wind synths and so on. 
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MIDI FileA standard file format for storing song data recorded on a MIDI sequencer in such a way as to allow it to be read by other makes or model of MIDI sequencer. 
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MIDI Implementation ChartA chart, usually found in MIDI product manuals, which provides information as to which MIDI features are supported. Supported features are marked with a 0 while unsupported feature are marked with a X. Additional information may be provided, such as the exact form of the Bank Change message. 
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MIDI InThe socket used to receive information from a master controller or from the MIDI Thru socket of a slave unit. 
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MIDI MergeA device or sequencer function that enables two or more streams of MIDI data to be combined. 
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MIDI ModeMIDI information can be interpreted by the receiving MIDI instrument in a number of ways, the most common being polyphonically on a single MIDI channel (Poly-Omni Off mode). Omni mode enables a MIDI Instrument to play all incoming data regardless of channel. 
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MIDI ModuleA sound generating device with no integral keyboard. 
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MIDI Multitimbral ModuleA MIDI Sound Source capable of producing several different sounds at the same time and controlled on different MIDI channels. 
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MIDI Note NumberEvery key on a MIDI keyboard has its own note number ranging from 0 to 127, where 60 represents middle C. Some systems use C3 as middle C while others use C4. 
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MIDI Note OffThe Message sent when key is released. 
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MIDI Note OnThe MIDI message sent when note is played (key pressed). 
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MIDI OutThe MIDI connector used to send data from a master device to the MIDI In of a connected slave device. 
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MIDI PortThe MIDI connections of a MIDI-compatible device. A Multiport, in the context of a MIDI Interface, is a device with multiple MIDI output sockets, each capable of carrying data relating to a different set of 16 MIDI channels. Multiports are the only means of exceeding the limitations imposed by 16 MIDI channels. 
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MIDI Program ChangeA type of MIDI message used to change sound patches on a remote module or the effects patch on a MIDI effects unit. 
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MIDI SplitterAn alternative term for MIDI Thru box. 
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MIDI SyncA description of the synchronisation systems available to MIDI users - MIDI Clock and MIDI Time Code (MTC). 
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MIDI ThruThe socket on a slave unit used to feed the MIDI In socket of the next unit in line. 
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MIDI Thru BoxA device which splits the MIDI Out signal of a master instrument or sequencer to avoid daisy chaining. Powered circuitry is used to \'buffer\' the outputs so as to prevent problems when many pieces of equipment are driven from a single MIDI output. 
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Mineral WoolMade from natural or synthetic minerals in the form of threads or fibres tangled together to form a moderately dense ‘blanket’ which permits but impedes air flow and is useful in the creation of sound absorbers, often employed as a cheaper and more efficient alternative to polyurethane form. 
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Mirror PointsThe positions on the walls or ceiling where, if the surface was covered with an optical mirror, one or both loudspeakers could be seen in the reflection. The mirror point is essentially any position on a boundary where sound waves from a sound source 
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MixerA device used to combine multiple audio signals together, usually under the control of an operator using faders to balance levels. Most mixers also incorporate facilities for equalisation, signal routing to multiple outputs, and monitoring facilities. Large mixers are also known as ‘desks’ or ‘consoles’. 
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Modal DistributionThe characteristic distribution of resonant low frequency sound waves within a confined space such as a room. 
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ModellingA process of analysing a system and using a different technology to replicate its critical, desired characteristics. For example, a popular but rare vintage signal processor such as an equaliser can be analysed and its properties modelled by digital algorithms to allow its emulation within the digital domain. 
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Modes (room)See Room Modes 
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Monitor (also Loudspeaker )A device used to convert an electrical audio signal into an acoustic sound wave. An accurate loudspeaker intended for critical sound auditioning purposes. Also used to refer to a computer display screen (VDU), or the act of auditioning a mix or a specific audio signal. 
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Monitor ControllerA line-level audio signal control device used to select and condition input signals for auditioning on one or more sets of monitor loudspeakers. Some monitor controllers also incorporate facilities for studio talkback and artist cue mixes. 
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MonoA single channel of audio. 
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Mono-syntha synthesizer that can play only one note at a time (see also poly-synth and paraphonic) 
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